Tarsonemus Mite Female

Transmitted Oblique Illumination

Definition/Function:

KINGDOM: Animalia PHYLUM: Arthropoda SUBPHYLUM: Chelicerata CLASS: Arachnida SUBCLASS: Acari SUPERORDER: Acariformes ORDER: Trombidiformes SUBORDER: Eleutherengona SUPERFAMILY: Tarsonemoidea FAMILY: Tarsonemidae GENUS: Tarsonemus

Mites or their debris are found in indoor environments frequently. They all tend to be small ranging from about 40 micrometers to about a millimeter in largest dimension. They lay eggs and then develop through a number of intermediate stages. The adult mite has 8 legs but the intermediate stages may have 2 to 8 legs, depending on the species and the stage. All mites require a relative humidity above 50% but they will often occupy cooler parts of a home where the relative humidity is naturally higher. They will also inhabit bedding and clothing where the relative humdity is elevated due to the presence of the human body. Their prefered food varies by species. Many of them will survive on skin flakes.

Significance in the Environment:

There are over 124 different types of mites found in homes. Most of these are associated with allergies or asthma. The standard tests for mite allergen can only detect 2 of the 124 mites that may be present. The collection efficiency of a vacuum for even the 2 mites that could be detected is estimated at about 1%. Minor flucuation in that efficiency result in variations of a factor of 20X (2000%). Part of this variation is due to the fact that the mite allergen is often concentrated in a few large particles. The allergen of a few fragments would be swamped by the allergen associated with one whole mite. Tapelifts of settled dusts in homes have been much more consistent in detecting mite problems.

Characteristic Features:

Tarsonemus mites are rather small compared to many other mites found in homes. The main part of the body excluding the mouth parts, the idiosoma, in the female is typically over 100 micrometers long and clearly divided into a forward section, the proterosoma, that contains the first two pairs of legs and mouth parts, and a posterior section, the hysterosoma, that includes the last two pairs of legs. The female Tarsonemus mite can be distinguished from the male by its very thin fourth pair of legs that terminate in two long setae.

Associated Particles:

References:

Arlian, Larry G., DiAnn L. Vyszenski-Moher, S. G. O Johansson, and Marianne van Hage-Hamsten, “Allergenic characterization of Tyrophagus putrescentiae using sera from occupationally exposed farmers”, Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, vol. 79, pp. 525-529, Dec. 1997.

Armentia, Alicia, Manuel Lombardero, Camilo Martinez, Domingo Barber, Jose Maria Vega, Ana Callejo, “Occupational Asthma Due to Grain Pests Eurygaster and Ephestia” Journal of Asthma, Volume 41, Number 1, 2004, pp. 99-107(9)

Boese, Jack L., “Mites”, in PRINCIPLES OF FOOD ANALYSIS FOR FILTH, DECOMPOSITION, AND FOREIGN MATTER, ed. J. Richard Gorham, pp. 63-82, 1985

Bronswijk, J.E.M.H. and R. N. Sinha, Pyroglyphid mites (Acari) and house dust allergy, J Allergy, 1971;47:31-49.

Colloff, M.J., T.G. Merrett, J. Merrett, C. McSharry, and G. Boyd, Feather mites are potentially an important source of allergens for pigeon and bungerigar keepers, Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 1997;27:60-7.

Hughes, A.M., THE MITES OF STORED FOOD, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food, Technical Bulletin No. 9, 1961.

Oliver, Jean, Karen Biringham, Angela Crewes, Jenny Weeks, Fleming Carswell, "Allergen levels in airborne and surface dust". INT. ARCH. ALLERGY IMMUNOL, vol. 107, pp 452-453, 1995.

Olsen, Alan R. and Richard W. Potter, “Mites”, in FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROANALYTICAL ENTOMOLOGY, by Alan R. Olsen, Thomas H. Sidebottom, and Sherry A. Knight, CRC Press, pp. 123-134, 1996.

Olsson, S. and M. Van Hage-Hamsten, “Allergens from house dust and storage mites: similarities and differences, with emphasis on the storage mite Lepidoglyphus destructor”, Clinical and Experimental Allergy, vol. 30, pp 912-919, 2000.

Ryu, Jae-Sook, Han-Il Ree, Duk-Young Min, and Myoung-Hee Ahn, “A human case of house dust mite Tarsonemus floricolus collected from sputum”, The Korean Journal of Parasitology, vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 171-173, Sept. 2003.

Silton, Richard P., Enrique Fernandez-Caldas, Walter L. Trudeau, Mark C. Swanson, and Richard F. Lockey, “Prevalence of specific IgE to the storage mite, Aleuroglyphus ovatus”, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., pp. 595-603, Oct. 1991.

Tovey, E.R., Ajsa Mahmic, and Lindy G. McDonald, Clothing--an important source of mite allergen exposure, J Allergy Clin Immunol, 1995;96:999-1001

Wraith, C.G., A. M. Cunnington, and W.M. Seymour, Th role and allergenic importance of storage mites in house dust and other environments, Clinical Allergy, 1979;9:545-61.