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Photographic gallery.  Thousands of particles under the microscope.

Fracture Type

. . . Low Degree of Polymerization, Low Dp

The strength of polymers is the result of the overlab length of the polymer chains. As the length of the chains decreases due to exposure to ultraviolet light, thermal, or some other stress, the length of the overlap decreases. The result is that the transfer of load betwwen the chains is no longer maintained and the structure fails at low load. The failure tends to be the shortest path across the structure.

Failure in Aged Paper Failure in Aged Paper Failure in Aged Rayon

. . . Cleavage Surface

Calcite Angles Fluorite Angles

. . . Parting Plane

Calcite Angles Calcite Angles Hornblend

. . . Conchordal

Hornblend Quartz