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Photographic gallery.  Thousands of particles under the microscope.

Chemical Microscopy

Ammonium by Chloroplatinic Acid Cesium Alum + Gypsum Cesium Alum Test for Aluminum Cesium Alum Test for Aluminum Cesium Alum + Gypsum Cesium Alum + Gypsum Cesium Alum + Gypsum

Sulfate Sulfate Sulfate Sulfate

Copper On Aluminum Copper On Aluminum Copper On Aluminum Copper On Aluminum

Lead

This test can be applied to environmental tapelifts by exposing the tapelift to a 10% solution of KI and blotting away the solution after about a minute. Lead containing particles that are even sparingly soluble in water will react on their surface with a bright yellow coat of PBI2. This coating shows up best with reflected darkfield illumination.

Lead Containing Particles Lead Containing Particles Lead Containing Particles Magnesium Test Magnesium Test Magnesium Test Magnesium Test Manganese Potassium Uranyl Acetate Potassium Uranyl Acetate Potassium Uranyl Acetate Sodium and Potassium Uranyl Acetate

Phosphate by AgNO<sub>3</sub> Phosphate by AgNO<sub>3</sub> Phosphate by AgNO<sub>3</sub> Phosphate by AgNO<sub>3</sub> Phosphate by AgNO<sub>3</sub> Phosphate by AgNO<sub>3</sub> NaN3 stereo

Particles contained reduced sulfur can be detected on environmental tapelifts by placing a droplet of sodium azide/iodine solution on the particle side of the tape and observing the tape under the stereomicroscope. Even micrometer sized particles will generate visible bubbles of nitrogen in a few minutes. This is primarily for industrial sites because skin flakes and hair contain reactable sulfur in their proteins.



NaN3 stereo

Fingerprint Salt 200X North Sea Salt 200X

Sodium Uranyl Acetate Zinc Sodium Uranyl Acetate

Sodium and Potassium Uranyl Acetate

Sulfate Sulfate Sulfate Sulfate Sulfate Sulfate Zinc Zinc Zinc Zinc