
Glass fiber, as used here, is any isotropic fiber with a cross-section
consistent with formation by surface
tension, sharp or abrupt terminations, and with visible inclusions limited
to elongated bubbles. Glass fiber is a major cause of Building Related
Illness. The paper below is from the Indoor Air 2011 Conference in Austin,
Texas, paper 81.
Health
Complaints and Environmental Glass Fiber
Acoustic ceiling tile that contains glass fiber can be divided into two basic
groups by their gross
appearance. The body of the tile is either compact and gray or loose and yellow.
The gray tile
exhibits the greatest variability in composition, from nearly 90% glass fiber to
about 10% glass fiber.
The other materials in the body of the tile may include perolite, paper fiber,
clay, calcite, glass
shot, glass blebs, and asbestos. Glass fiber from acoustic ceiling tile is
identified by the other
materials still attached to it. Clear epoxy binder, sodium silicate, or similar
clear binder containing
small particles of calcite filler and binding the glass fiber to any of the
other possible materials
used to make these tiles identifies the glass as coming from acoustic ceiling
tile.
The yellow bodied acoustic ceiling tile that contains glass fiber is composed of
glass fiber and
yellow phenolic resin. The amount of resin and the amount of mineral filler used
in the resin varies
from one grade to another and from one manufacturer to another. Glass fiber from
yellow bodied
acoustic ceiling tile can often be distinguished from other yellow phenolic
bound glass fiber.
Yellow phenolic bound glass fiber from sound board in the HVAC system is
generally covered with
small impacted particles of natural minerals, soot, pollens and other airborne
particles. Yellow
phenolic bound glass fibers from blanket insulation typically contain much less
mineral filler in
the resin. Yellow phenolic bound glass fiber from cubicle divider panels tends
to contain much
more yellow resin than the yellow bodied acoustic ceiling tile. See the "Glass
Fiber" section of
the gallery for examples of all these materials.
A common structure for a cubicle divider consists of a metal frame supporting
a resin stiffened glass
fiber pannel. The glass fiber pannel is then covered with a thin loose glass
fiber blanket and an outer
layer of cloth. Glass fiber from the cubicle divider is heavily coated with
heavily filled yellow or orange
phenolic resin. The deterioration of the glass fiber pannel is typically due
to the pannels use as a
pincushion or to other forms of mechanical damage.
The HVAC system is a common source of glass fiber in indoor office and school
environments. These
glass fibers are generally coated with particles impacted onto their surfaces
that mark them as having
been exposed to a moving air stream. These impacted particles typically have
diameters smaller than
that of the fiber on which they rest. The color of the resin associated with
glass fiber from the
HVAC system varies. It may be yellow, orange, red, green, gray, or black. The
same "soundboard" may
have more than one color of resin on it. One common combination is a yellow
resin used for the bulk
of the glass fiber mat with a coating of black, mineral-filled resin on the
outer surface of the panel.
The resin used for the soundboard panels is generally heavily filled with clay
or silica.
Thermal blanket insulation is made from glass wool with a small amount of resin
to bind the fibers
together in order to maintain loft. The resin is typically yellow, pink, or
colorless (white). The fibers
tend to be clean other than the presence of the resin when found in
environmental samples though
is some instances, where they have been exposed to air flow, they can become
coated with particles and
look similar to ventilation system glass fibers.
Exposed to Building Fires
Glass fiber from the tape used to smooth the joint between two panels of
drywall is often found following construction but it is
rarely at levels that could result in health complaints by itself. It often
contributes to the overall glass fiber loading in buildings as
as result of construction.
Recycled Glass Fiber as Blown-in Insulation
Recycled glass fiber is often used as blown-in "green" insulation. It is "green"
only in the environmental sense.
The glass fiber is thermally treated to clean it which results in the old binder
being charred.
Cutting glass fiber composite materials creates a significant amount of free,
short glass fiber. Individuals doing this work seldom
complain about the effects of exposure but the glass fiber dust they may
carry into other environments may result in healt complaints by
others now exposed. One example is glass fiber from removing fiberglass
casts in a clinic. This dust can result in complaints by others
working in the clinic if the dust is not adiquitely controlled.
Identifying Glass Fiber
Glass fiber can only be acurately identified using a polarized light microscope
and by being aware of the possible
interferences. The images below provide examples demonstrating the importance of
polarized light and natural substances
that can be confused with man-made mineral fiber.
Bird Feather Barbules
Plastic Fiber
Phytoliths
Diatoms, etc.
Sponge Spicules
Insect Hair
(Setae)
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